Valuation methods
- Operating agreement formula: pre-defined method (e.g., book value, multiple of revenue, multiple of profit)
- Fair market value: independent appraisal of LLC then proportional share
- Book value: capital account balance as recorded in LLC books
- Negotiated: parties agree on value without formula
Payment terms
- Lump sum (immediate)
- Installments (over months or years, with interest)
- Promissory note from LLC to seller (LLC pays over time)
- Buy-down (smaller upfront payment plus future contingent payments based on performance)
Tax implications
- Withdrawing member may recognize gain or loss (capital gain typically)
- LLC may have basis adjustments (Section 754 election can step up basis)
- Remaining members capital accounts adjusted
- Consult a US CPA for both parties
- Form 1065 final K-1 to withdrawing member shows the buyout